Introduction
Over the past decade, the Government of India has taken significant strides in combating pollution and promoting a greener, more sustainable environment. Faced with the dual challenges of rapid industrialization and urbanization, the nation has recognized the urgent need to address environmental concerns. This blog highlights some of the key projects and initiatives undertaken by the government in the last 10 years to curb pollution and foster a green environment.
1. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP)
Launched in 2019, the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) is a comprehensive initiative aimed at reducing air pollution across India. The program targets a 20-30% reduction in particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations by 2024, using 2017 as the base year. The NCAP focuses on 102 non-attainment cities—those that consistently exceed the national air quality standards. The program includes measures such as enhancing air quality monitoring networks, promoting cleaner technologies, and increasing public awareness about air pollution. The NCAP represents a critical step in addressing one of India’s most pressing environmental challenges.
2. Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission)
Launched on October 2, 2014, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is one of the most ambitious cleanliness drives in the history of India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation, improve solid waste management, and promote cleanliness in both urban and rural areas. By October 2019, the rural component of the mission had successfully declared India open defecation-free (ODF). The urban component continues to focus on effective waste management practices, the reduction of single-use plastics, and the promotion of sustainable urbanization. The mission has significantly contributed to reducing environmental pollution, particularly in rural areas.
3. National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), launched in 2008, has continued to guide India’s climate policy over the last decade. The NAPCC consists of eight core missions, each focusing on a specific area of climate change mitigation and adaptation. These missions include the National Solar Mission, the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, the National Water Mission, and the National Green India Mission, among others. The Green India Mission, in particular, aims to enhance India’s forest cover and improve ecosystem services. The NAPCC has been instrumental in aligning India’s development goals with environmental sustainability.
4. Ujjwala Yojana
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) was launched in 2016 with the objective of providing clean cooking fuel to rural households, reducing indoor air pollution, and promoting environmental health. The scheme provides free LPG connections to women from Below Poverty Line (BPL) households, thereby reducing their dependence on traditional biomass fuels like wood and dung, which contribute significantly to indoor air pollution. As of 2021, over 80 million households have benefited from the Ujjwala Yojana, leading to substantial reductions in indoor air pollution and associated health risks.
5. Namami Gange Programme
The Namami Gange Programme, launched in 2014, is a flagship initiative aimed at cleaning and rejuvenating the Ganga River. The program focuses on reducing pollution, promoting sustainable agriculture, and conserving biodiversity in the Ganga basin. Key activities under the program include the treatment of sewage, the installation of effluent treatment plants (ETPs), the regulation of industrial discharge, and the promotion of organic farming along the riverbanks. The Namami Gange Programme represents one of the largest river conservation efforts in the world and is a critical component of India’s broader environmental strategy.
6. International Solar Alliance (ISA)
Founded in 2015 and headquartered in India, the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a collaborative platform for promoting solar energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The ISA aims to facilitate the deployment of solar energy technologies and mobilize investments in solar power projects across member countries. By promoting clean energy, the ISA contributes to reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and advancing the goals of the Paris Agreement. India’s leadership in the ISA reflects its commitment to transitioning towards a low-carbon economy and addressing climate change.
7. Smart Cities Mission
Launched in 2015, the Smart Cities Mission aims to develop 100 smart cities across India that are sustainable, livable, and environmentally friendly. The mission focuses on promoting clean energy, efficient waste management, green spaces, and sustainable urban planning. Projects under the Smart Cities Mission include the installation of solar panels, the development of green buildings, the implementation of intelligent traffic management systems, and the creation of pedestrian-friendly spaces. The mission is helping to build cities that are not only technologically advanced but also environmentally sustainable.
8. Afforestation and Reforestation Initiatives
Over the past decade, the government has launched several afforestation and reforestation initiatives to increase India’s green cover. The Green India Mission under the NAPCC aims to restore degraded ecosystems and enhance forest-based livelihoods. In addition, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) Act, 2016, has facilitated large-scale afforestation projects across the country. These efforts are crucial for combating deforestation, sequestering carbon, and preserving biodiversity.
Conclusion
India’s journey toward combating pollution and promoting a green environment over the last decade has been marked by ambitious initiatives and sustained efforts. From the National Clean Air Programme to the Namami Gange Programme, these projects reflect the government’s commitment to addressing environmental challenges. However, as the threats of climate change and environmental degradation continue to evolve, it is essential for India to build on these successes and pursue even more innovative solutions. The road ahead may be challenging, but with continued determination and collaboration, India can pave the way for a sustainable and green future.
India’s Net Zero Target: How Feasible Is It?
India has set an ambitious target to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2070. This goal is part of the country’s broader commitment to tackle climate change and contribute to global efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But how feasible is this target, and what are the key factors that will influence its success? Let’s explore India’s net zero target, the steps being taken, the challenges that lie ahead, and India’s positions in international climate meetings.
What is Net Zero?
Net zero refers to balancing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted with the amount removed from the atmosphere, effectively reducing net emissions to zero. This involves reducing emissions as much as possible and using various methods, such as carbon capture and storage, to offset any remaining emissions.
India’s Net Zero Target
India’s commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2070 was announced during the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow. This ambitious goal reflects India’s recognition of the urgent need to address climate change while balancing its development needs and economic growth.
Steps Being Taken to Achieve Net Zero
1. Transition to Renewable Energy
India is investing heavily in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. The government aims to increase the share of renewables in the energy mix, with a target of 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by 2030. Learn more about India’s renewable energy targets.
2. Energy Efficiency Initiatives
Energy efficiency programs are being promoted to reduce energy consumption across various sectors. The Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) scheme and the Standards & Labeling Program are key initiatives aimed at improving energy efficiency in industries and appliances. Explore energy efficiency programs.
3. Promoting Electric Vehicles (EVs)
The government is encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles through incentives and subsidies. The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme aims to reduce emissions from the transportation sector. Check out the FAME scheme.
4. Forestation and Afforestation
Large-scale afforestation and reforestation projects are being undertaken to enhance carbon sequestration. The Green India Mission is focused on increasing forest cover and restoring degraded lands. Read about afforestation initiatives.
5. Carbon Market and Pricing
India is exploring carbon markets and pricing mechanisms to incentivize emission reductions. The National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) supports research and innovation in clean technologies and carbon reduction. Learn about carbon pricing.
Challenges to Achieving Net Zero
1. Economic and Development Needs
Balancing economic growth with emission reductions is a major challenge. India is a rapidly developing country with a growing population and increasing energy demands. Ensuring sustainable development while transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires significant investments and technological advancements.
2. Dependence on Fossil Fuels
Despite efforts to promote renewable energy, India’s energy sector is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, particularly coal. Transitioning away from fossil fuels while meeting energy demands will require substantial infrastructure development and policy support.
3. Technological and Financial Constraints
The adoption of advanced technologies for carbon capture, storage, and renewable energy deployment is critical. However, these technologies can be expensive and require substantial investment. Access to finance and technology transfer from developed countries will be crucial.
4. Infrastructure Development
Developing the necessary infrastructure for renewable energy generation, such as grid modernization and energy storage, is essential. Building and maintaining this infrastructure involves overcoming logistical and financial challenges.
5. Policy and Implementation Gaps
Effective implementation of climate policies and regulations is key to achieving net zero. Ensuring that policies are enforced and that there is coordination among various government agencies and stakeholders is vital for success.
India’s Stand in International Climate Meetings
1. G20 Summit
India’s position in the G20 Summit has been crucial in shaping global climate policy. At the 2022 G20 Summit in Bali, Indonesia, India emphasized the need for climate finance and technology transfer from developed nations to support developing countries in their climate action efforts. India also highlighted the importance of a just transition that balances development needs with climate goals. G20 climate meeting details.
2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
India has actively participated in IPCC meetings and reports, advocating for a balanced approach to climate action that considers the development priorities of emerging economies. The IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report, released in 2021, included contributions from Indian scientists and emphasized the need for urgent action to limit global warming. India has supported the IPCC’s findings and called for stronger international cooperation to address climate change. IPCC reports and updates.
3. UNFCCC Conferences (COP)
India has been a key player in the UNFCCC Conferences of the Parties (COP), including COP26 in Glasgow, where it announced its net zero target by 2070. India has consistently advocated for climate equity, stressing that developed nations should take the lead in reducing emissions and providing financial and technological support to developing countries. UNFCCC COP conferences.
Conclusion
India’s target to achieve net zero emissions by 2070 is an ambitious and commendable goal that reflects the country’s commitment to addressing climate change. The steps being taken, such as investing in renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, and supporting afforestation, are crucial for reaching this target.
However, achieving net zero will require overcoming significant challenges, including economic constraints, dependence on fossil fuels, and technological barriers. India’s active participation in international climate meetings, such as the G20 Summit, IPCC, and UNFCCC Conferences, highlights its commitment to global climate action while advocating for equitable support for developing countries.
As India moves forward with its net zero ambition, it will be essential to address these challenges head-on and ensure that the transition to a low-carbon economy is both effective and equitable. The journey towards net zero is a complex and long-term endeavor, but with sustained effort and commitment, India can make significant progress towards a sustainable future.
If you would like to get a pollution monitoring & analysis done, write to us at enquiry.meepl@gmail.com or contact us.